Download and install package:
apt-get install package
Update apt's list of available packages:
apt-get update
Upgrade all installed packages with upgrades available:
apt-get upgrade
Upgrade to new distro, or in general upgrade anything available for update including core system packages:
apt-get dist-upgrade
Uninstall package:
apt-get remove package
Uninstall package, and its config files, and don't leave it in the database as 'uninstalled':
apt-get --purge remove package
Search for a package like pattern:
apt-cache search pattern
Get information on installed package:
dpkg -s package
Find which installed package file belongs to:
dpkg -S inetd.conf
List which files are in package:
apt-file list package
Find out what packages provide file:
apt-file search file
Run a command (such as ./configure or make) and have all necessary packages installed as needed:
auto-apt run command
Unless specified, the package in reference doesn't have to be already installed for these to work... but the database needs to be updated. You can update the appropriate database via:
apt-get update
or
auto-apt update
or
apt-file update
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